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ANTOINE  DE  CHEZY.  (1718 - 1798)

Born in Chalonsur - Marne , France , CHEZY was French Hydraulic Engineer whose name still live in form of FAMOUS CHEZY FORMULA FOR VELOCITY OF FLOW THROUGH PIPES AND STREAMS.

A brilliant engineer from FRENCH ECOLE DES PONTSET CHAUSSES . CHEZY carried his studies in connection with French Canals.

He devised his famous CHEZY formula in 1775 .

CHEZY was highly modest , was Director of ECOLE des PONTSET CHAUSSES in last year of his life.

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THOMAS  SIMPSON ( 1710 - 1761 )

Born in Market Boswarth , Liesestershire England  Thomas  was English Mathematician , best known for his works on INTERPOLATION  AND NUMERICAL METHOD OF INTEGRATION.

His father was a Weaver and young Simpson got little education at school in Market Boswarth , but his first job was  weaving and helping his father. Being intelligent Weaver , Simson taught himself the mathematics .

From 1725 - 1733 he was appointed as School master in Nuneaton , Warwickshire and in 1736 settled with his family in London.

1743 saw him as Head of Mathematics at Royal Military Academy where he began his research on engineering problems.
Simpson also started work on PROBABILITY THEORY.

Simpson Rule is still used by Mathematician as well engineers . Simpson ,during his life time , admired great Scientist  Sir Isaac Newton as inspiration for  his work on Simpson Rule and Numerical Method of Integration.

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SIMON - DENIS  POISSON  ( 1781 - 1840 )

Born at Pithiviers France , Poisson was French Mathematician of highest order who applied mathematics to Electricity , Magnetism , Mechanics and other areas of physics. Best known for his works on Definite Integrals ,  Poisson Ratio , Poisson Distribution , Celestial Mechanics , Law of numbers and many other parameter s named after him.

His father was a French Soldier and wanted to see his son as Doctor , but  young Poisson show little interest in Medicine  and from 1798 ,started studying g Mathematics at ECOLE Polytechnique  in Paris.

Laplace as also Larange were his life long friends.

Appointed as Professor at ECOLE Polytechnique in 1802 and as Astronomer in 1808 for his works on CELESTIAL MECHANICS.
1809 saw him as Professor of MATHEMATICS at Faculty of Sciences .

Died in 1840 at Sceaux , France.

For Engineering fraternity , the Poisson Ratio of various materials is very important parameter to derive other properties of material.

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ROBERT  HOOK  (1635 - 1703 )

Born in Freshwaters Isle of Wight , England  Robert Hook ,a contemporary of Newton , was a great polymath and active Scientist . He is known for HOOK'S LAW , MICROSCOPY , CITING THE TERM CELL , and many varied areas of unknown domain at that times in fields of physics and Biology , Astronomy , Paleontology,  Time keeping -clock pendulums , Optics

His father was Anglican Priest , curate of Freshwater Church of All Saints. On death of his father , he inherited 40 lbs and and moved to London , studied at Westminster School in areas of Mechanics , as also learning Greek and latin.

In 1653 , Robert Hook met Robert Boyle (a natural philosopher ) and worked as his assistant where he built Vacuum pump , alongside developing Gregorian Telescope in 1673 and observed rotation of Mars and Jupiter.

In 1660 , HOOK'S famous work of LAW OF ELASTICITY & HOOK'S LAW  based on  Linear variation of tension in spring was acknowledged. In optics he inferred Refraction and wave theory.
Endorsed BIOLOGICAL Evaluation theory .

HOOK'S approximated confirmation of gravity  which was further formulated by Sir Isaac Newton in form of Law of Gravitation .

Robert Hook died in London in 1703 ,  his works in different spheres speak of his genius.

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LEONHARD EULER ( 1707 - 1783 )

Born in Bassel Switzerland , Euler was friend of great Mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and a Swiss Polymath who worked on various subjects viz Mathematics, Physics , Continuum physics  Astronomy, Graphical presentation, Engineering , Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics and even Music Theory.

Euler popularised Greek Letters π , Function F(X) , IOTA  i = √ - 1 , Sigma , Natural Logarithm base  e , still called Euler's number.

His father was a pastor of REFORMED CHURCH and moved to Bassel to join Local Church ,again as pastor. Being a good  family friend of Bernoulli family , sent his young son Euler for study of Mathematics from Johaan Bernoulli (father of Danielle Bernoulli  in Saturday Afternoon Lessons.

In 1723 got MPhil from University of Basel. Euler moved to St Petersburg , Russian Empire in 1927 and got position of Head of Mathematics  , but due to political situation , he left Russia in 1741and joined Berlin Academy where stayed for next 25 yrs and produced about 100  Articles on various subjects.

1766 , political situation in Russian Empire improved and Euler was invited to join Academy at  St Petersburg on 3000 rubble /annum salary , Pension to his wife and high ranking posts for his two sons.

LEONHARD EULER died in 1783 of brain hammerage while discussing about newly discovered planet URANUS.

For Structural and Civil and Mechanical engineering fraternity , Euler's Critical buckling load on ideal strut is still relevant along with all other achievement s in various spheres .

Euler also proved existance of GOD through his mathematics on behalf of Empire (Govt) in a Court room against a  powerful and popular  political Atheist , on invitation from then Russian Empire.

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EMIL  WINKLER. ( 1835 - 1888 )

Born in Falkenberg bei Torgau , Germany  Emil Winkler was a renowned Civil Engineer , Professor who excelled in Mechanics , Railways engineering , Bridge engineering .

His best work is solving BEAM - FOUNDATION  MODEL OF  BEAM ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS  with linear force - deflection relationship also termed as WINKLER'S FOUNDATION.

He studied in Dresden  and got Phd from University of Leipzig in 1860. Winkler moved to Prague in 1865 and Vienna in 1868 as professor and gave two  books  namely LECTURE ON RAILWAYS  and second one THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS published in 1867.

Winkler taught at Bauakadmie , also studied INFLUENCE LINES.

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OSBORNE  REYNOLD  ( 1842 - 1912 )

Born in Belfast Ireland , Reynold was Irish innovator having understanding of Fluid Mechanics and fields of study were physics , FM and Mechanical engineering.
Soon after his birth , his father moved to Dudeham Essex and worked as Headmaster of Mathematics and also  tutored his son .

Reynold studied Mathematics at Queen's College Cambridge and showed early aptitude in study of Mechanics.
He was appointed Professor of Engg at Owens College Manchester in 1868 at age of 25 and spent his entire career at Owen College.

He was awarded Fellow Royal Society ( FRS) in 1877
Reynold is famous in engineering fraternity for his work on transition of laminar flow to turbulent , in pipes giving the concept of REYNOLD NUMBER IN FLUID MECHANICS . Reynold also studied Heat Transfer in solids &fluids and brought up improvement in BOILER CONCEPT.
He contributed 70 science & research Publications.

Osborne Reynold died due to influenza at Wachet, Somerset , England in 1912.

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WILLIAM  FROUDE ( 1810 - 1879 )

Born in Dartington , Devon  England  FROUDE was english engineer , hydrodymicist and Naval architect. He is best known for his works on Hydrodynamics and FROUDE'S NUMBER.

Studied at Westminster School in early education and graduated in Mathematics from Oriel College in 1832.
He was appointed as SURVEYOR IN SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAYS , where he set out  Track  Transition Curve .  Froude  also developed alternative design for HELECOIDAL SKEW ARCH BRIDGE at Rewe.

On invitation from Brunnel in 1861 , FROUDE turned his attention and studies to stability of ships in seaways.

1877 , he was instrumental in producing a machine capable for measuring power of Naval engines.
He also developed first water brake Dynamometer.

He died in 1879 while during visit to  Simonstown, South Africa  and laid to rest there with full Naval honours.

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ALLAN  HAZEN (1869 - 1930 )

Born in Norwich ,Vermont,USA  Allen HAZEN was a renowned expert and Consulting Engineer of Hydraulics , Flood Control , Water purification and Sewage Treatment. He is best known for providing HAZEN - WILLAM EQUATION FOR FLOW THROUGH PIPES WITH PRESSURE FLOW.

Graduated from New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts in 1884  and his first job was  at Lawrence Experiment Station at Massachusetts  which was world class institute for water purification and Sewage Treatment. From 1888 - 1893 , HAZEN headed the Research team at this institute.

In 1902 HAZEN along with associate GARDNER  WILLAM gave,  widely accepted till date , famous HAZEN - WILLAM EQUATION for pipe flow. Also developed slow sand FILTERATION for water purification.
His first book on FILTERATION OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY , in 1895.

His other works are , determining statistically recurrence intervals of flood waters  , devising water supply schemes for Pittsburgh Pennsylvania and Filtration of Croton ,NY city.
Received many awards .
HAZEN was  President of New England Water Works Association and also Vice president of ASCE  from 1911.

Died in 1930 in Miles City , Montana , USA.

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GARDNER  STEWART  WILLIAM ( 1866 - 1931 )

Born in Sagingaw  , Michigan , William was nationally recognised authority in Hydraulics engineering  and known for developing HAZEN William Tables for pipe flow , also for his expertise in hydro power plants  and devising multiple arch dams.

Graduated from Sagingaw City School in 1884 and obtained Civil Engg degree from University of Michigan in 1889. During 1890 - 1893 , William worked as Engineer on Water Works Construction Bismark North Dakota at Greenville & Owosso Michigan.

WILLAM also worked as DRAFTSMAN AND ENGINEER  with Russel Wheel & Founding Company , Detroit Michigan and raised to level of CE during 1893 -1898 , where he developed HW Tables.
From 1898-1904 , he was Professor of EXPERIMENTAL HYDRAULICS and Engineer in Chief of Hydraulics Lab at Cornell University.
1904 - 1911 saw him at University of Michigan as Professor of CIVIL , HYDRAULICS & SANITARY ENGG., but also worked as Independent Consulting Engineer from 1895. Resigned from University in 1911 to concentrate as Consulting Engineer for his offices at Ann Arbor and Chicago.

He also acted as Agent for Hydroelectric Clients for purchase of Flowage rights of various rivers.

Remembered for  co developing HAZEN -   WILLIAM EQUATION  FOR FLOW THROUGH PIPES FOR FIRE FIGHTING , WATER SUPPLY, SPRINKLER SYSTEM , IRRIGATION .